Door furniture

Door furniture (British and Australian English) or door hardware (North American English) refers to any of the items that are attached to a door or a drawer to enhance its functionality or appearance.^[1]

Design of door furniture is an issue to disabled persons who might have difficulty opening or using some kinds of door, and to specialists in interior design as well as those usability professionals which often take their didactic examples from door furniture design and use.^[1]

Items of door furniture fall into several categories, described below.

Hinges

A hinge is a component that attaches one edge of a door to the frame, while allowing the other edge to swing from it. It usually consists of a pair of plates, each with a set of open cylindrical rings (the knuckles) attached to them. The knuckles of the two plates are offset from each other and mesh together. A hinge pin is then placed through the two sets of knuckles and usually fixed, to combine the plates and make the hinge a single unit.^[2] One door usually has about three hinges, but it can vary.

Handles

Doors generally have at least one fixed handle, usually accompanied with a latch (see below). A typical "handle set" is composed of the exterior handle, escutcheon, an independent deadbolt, and the interior package (knob or lever). On some doors the latch is incorporated into a hinged handle that releases when pulled on.

Locks

A lock is a device that prevents access by those without a key or combination, generally by preventing one or more latches from being operated.^[4] Often accompanied by an escutcheon. Some doors, particularly older ones, will have a keyhole accompanying the lock.

Fasteners

Functionally, all but swinging doors use some form of fastener to hold them closed. Typical forms of fasteners include:

Latch – A device that allows one to fasten a door from one side (but, if designed to, open from either).
Bolt – A (nearly always) metal shaft attached by cleats or a specific form of bracket, that slides into the jamb to fasten a door.^[2]^: 89
- Draw bolt - A form of crossbar latch where a bolt, held in place by metal bails, is slid to engage a bail fixed to a jamb or mating door. A small, typically knob, handle is affixed to the bolt to aid grip. An Aldrop is similar, but incorporates a slot through the handle which can engage a hasp for securing the bolt with a lock.
- Latch bolt – A bolt that has an angled surface that acts as a wedge to push the bolt in while the door is being closed. By the use of a latch bolt, a door can be closed without having to operate the handle.
- Deadbolt – Deadbolts usually extend deeper into the frame and are not automatically retractable the way latch bolts are. They are typically manipulated with a lock on the outside and either a lock or a latch on the inside. Deadbolts are generally used for security purposes on external doors in case somebody tries to force the door in or use tools such as a crowbar, hammer, screwdriver, etc.

Fastener accessories

Strike plate – A plate with a hole in the middle made to receive a bolt. If the strike is for a latch bolt, it typically also includes a small ramped area to help the bolt move inward while the door is being closed. (Also known as just "strike") It's also available as electric strike which allows you to open the door even though the mechanical lock is locked.
Dust Socket - A metal or plastic socket that sits behind the Strike plate concealing the rough wood of the mortise.

Accessories

A typical peephole in a door, allowing the person to see who is outside the door without opening it.

Numerous devices exist to serve specific purposes related to how a door should (or should not) be used. See:

Door chain - A device to secure door opening
Door closer – Mechanical or electromagnetic device to close an open door (in the event of a fire)^[3]
Door opener - Automatic door opening device activated by motion sensors or pressure pads
Door damper – A hydraulic device employed to slow the door's closure
Door knocker
Door stop – used to prevent the door from opening too far or striking another object^[3]
Espagnolette (for a window)
Fingerplate
Letter box or mail slot
Peephole
Kickplate^[5]

A number of items normally accompany doors but are not necessarily mounted on the door itself, such as doorbells.

References

^ ^a ^b Turner, Susan D. (2021-09-08). "History Lesson of Hardware". Traditional Building. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
^ ^a ^b Tobias, Scott (2015-04-13). Illustrated Guide to Door Hardware: Design, Specification, Selection. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-11261-8.^: 2
^ ^a ^b ^c George, Louis F. (May 1991). "Constructing the hospital to code". Doors and Hardware. 55 (5) – via Gale Business.
^ Whalin, Melany (June 2017). "Access control: what architects need to know". Doors and Hardware. 81 (6) – via Gale Business.
^ BD+C, ed. (March 2014). "14 new ideas for doors and door hardware". Building Design & Construction – via ProQuest.

External links

[:0-1] Turner, Susan D. (2021-09-08). "History Lesson of Hardware". Traditional Building. Retrieved 2024-11-06.

[:2-2] Tobias, Scott (2015-04-13). Illustrated Guide to Door Hardware: Design, Specification, Selection. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-11261-8.^: 2

[:1-3] George, Louis F. (May 1991). "Constructing the hospital to code". Doors and Hardware. 55 (5) – via Gale Business.

[4] Whalin, Melany (June 2017). "Access control: what architects need to know". Doors and Hardware. 81 (6) – via Gale Business.

[5] BD+C, ed. (March 2014). "14 new ideas for doors and door hardware". Building Design & Construction – via ProQuest.

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