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Butler, Pennsylvania

Coordinates: 40°51′40″N 79°53′43″W / 40.86111°N 79.89528°W / 40.86111; -79.89528
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Butler, Pennsylvania
City
View of Butler from the Southside neighborhood
View of Butler from the Southside neighborhood
Flag of Butler, Pennsylvania
Flag
Official seal of Butler, Pennsylvania
Seal
Location of Butler in Butler County, Pennsylvania.
Location of Butler in Butler County, Pennsylvania.
Butler is located in Pennsylvania
Butler
Butler
Location within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania
Coordinates: 40°51′40″N 79°53′43″W / 40.86111°N 79.89528°W / 40.86111; -79.89528
CountryUnited States
StatePennsylvania
CountyButler
Settled1793[1]
Incorporated (borough)1816[1]
Incorporated (city);1918[1]
Government
 • TypeMayor-Council
 • MayorBob Dandoy
Area
[2]
 • Total2.72 sq mi (7.04 km2)
 • Land2.72 sq mi (7.04 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Population
 (2020)[3]
 • Total13,502
 • Density4,965.80/sq mi (1,917.47/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
16001–16003
Area code(s)724, 878
FIPS code42-10464
Websitecityofbutler.org
Edna & Floyd Cramer at their Maytag Store in Butler, Pennsylvania 1920s

Butler is a city and the county seat of Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States.[4] It is 35 miles (56 km) north of Pittsburgh and part of the Greater Pittsburgh region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,502.

Butler is named after Major General Richard Butler, who died in the Battle of the Wabash in 1791. It was first settled in 1803 by John and Samuel Cunningham and incorporated as a borough in 1817 before becoming a city in 1918. Initially settled by Irish and Scottish immigrants, Butler saw a significant influx of German settlers in the early 19th century. Detmar Basse founded Zelienople in 1803, and George Rapp established Harmony in 1805, leading to further growth and development.

In the early 20th century, Butler became an industrial hub, contributing significantly to the Steel Belt manufacturing region. The city was home to the Standard Steel Car Company, which opened in 1902 and manufactured some of the first all-steel railcars. This facility later became part of Pullman-Standard. Butler also housed the American Bantam Car Company, known for developing the original WWII Jeep. Despite these industrial advancements, the Pullman-Standard plant closed in 1982, and the American Bantam Car Company struggled, eventually losing military contracts to larger companies.

The Butler Area Public Library, built in 1921, was the last Carnegie library established in Pennsylvania. Butler is home to the Butler Little Theatre, which has been producing plays since 1941. Notable historical sites include the Butler County Courthouse and the Butler Armory. Butler hosts annual events, such as the Bantam Jeep Heritage Festival and the Butler Italian Festival. Butler has faced economic changes, with manufacturing jobs becoming scarce by the end of the 1970s. However, the city has made efforts to revitalize its economy and community. Noteworthy employers include AK Steel, Butler Area School District, and VA Butler Healthcare.

History

[edit]
Downtown Butler

Butler was named for Maj. Gen. Richard Butler,[5] who fell at the Battle of the Wabash, also known as St. Clair's Defeat, in western Ohio in 1791.

In 1803, John and Samuel Cunningham became the first settlers in the village of Butler. After settling in Butler, the two brothers laid out the community by drawing up plots of land for more incoming settlers.[5] By 1817, the community was incorporated into a borough.[5] The first settlers were of Irish or Scottish descent and were driving westward from Connecticut. In 1802, the German immigrants began arriving, with Detmar Basse settling in Jackson Township in 1802 and founding Zelienople the following year. After George Rapp arrived in 1805 and founded Harmony, larger numbers of settlers followed. John A. Roebling settled Saxonburg in 1832, by which time most of the county was filled with German settlers.

Butler was incorporated into a city in 1918.[1]

The first Butler library originated in 1894 with the Literary Society of Butler[6] in what is now known as the Little Red Schoolhouse.[7] The Butler Area Public Library, built in 1921, was the last Carnegie library to be built in Pennsylvania. In the intervening 27, years the library was independently operated.[6] From 1921 to 1941, the library quadrupled the number of patrons served.[8]

Rail and automobile

[edit]

In the early 1900s, Butler was a "Steel Belt" manufacturing and industrial area. It remains home to a Cleveland Cliffs Butler Works, formerly AK Steel Butler Works. In 1902, the Standard Steel Car Company opened one of its largest railcar manufacturing facilities in Butler, where it manufactured some of the first all-steel rail cars. Standard Steel Car Company merged with Pullman Palace Car Company in 1934, creating Pullman-Standard, a monopoly that was eventually broken by the federal government.[citation needed]

About 2,500 workers produced 60 steel-bed railroad cars per day in 1902. Eastern European immigrants were lured to the area in the early 20th century with the promise of reliable jobs, which offered company housing and a company store. The company constructed a baseball park which was the home of a New York Yankees farm team. The steel workers of Butler made artillery and naval shells during World War II.[9]

The Pullman-Standard plant closed in 1982, but was purchased in 1984 by Trinity Industries. Trinity Industries left the factory in 1993, and the factory was completely demolished in 2005. The site is now occupied by a vacant strip mall, as well as the Butler Transit Authority inter-modal facility. In 2011 the BTA moved a covered hopper rail-car, built in 1974, to the bus terminal in recognition of the former Pullman-Standard plant.[10]

The American Austin Car Company (1929–1941) was headquartered in the area. Later the firm changed its name to American Bantam Car Company. Bantam was an early producer of small fuel-efficient vehicles through the 1930s. In 1940, lead engineer Karl Probst led Bantam design team to create what later was termed the iconic WWII Jeep. Sizeable military contracts eventually went to Willys and Ford, as the Bantam factory had floundered. Today, a controversial monument stands near the courthouse commemorating Bantam's "creation of the Jeep".

Butler is home to one of the early Ford dealerships, established in 1918 and still extant.[11]

At one point, the Rainbow Rubber Company, in the late 1930s, made "Rubrtoy" replicas of Oldsmobiles along with many other rubber toys.[12]

In the 1950s, Butler became one of the first cities to install bells at crosswalks, a common practice today. [citation needed] Pedestrians could cross in either direction.

The city was linked to Pittsburgh via Mars, Pennsylvania, in 1907 by the Pittsburgh and Butler Street Railway, and to Evans City in 1908 by the Pittsburgh, Harmony, Butler and New Castle Railway, both interurban trolley lines. The Mars route closed in April 1931, followed by the Evans City line on August 15, 1931, with the trolleys replaced by buses. In 1965, the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, arrived by bus to preach Hinduism, staying with the Aggarwal family.[13]

1970s to present

[edit]

Like most of the region, by the end of the 1970s, the local economy changed dramatically. Manufacturing virtually ended and well-paying jobs became scarce.[9]

On July 13, 2024, during a 2024 presidential campaign rally at the Butler Farm Show grounds near Butler,[14] former President Donald Trump was wounded in his right ear from an attempted assassination, during which one audience member was killed and two others severely injured in the gunfire. Thomas Matthew Crooks, the perpetrator, was promptly killed by a Secret Service Counter Assault Team sniper.[15] Trump was swiftly transported to Butler Memorial Hospital and treated there, before being flown out of Pittsburgh International Airport.[16] The incident occurred outside of the Butler city jurisdiction. Nonetheless, Mayor of Butler Bob Dandoy stated that a lot of attention was focused on the city.[17]

Geography

[edit]
Connoquenessing Creek flows through Butler, Pennsylvania.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2), all land.

Connoquenessing Creek is the only waterway to pass through the city. In 2000, a scientific study was conducted to determine the health of the creek. Researchers discovered that only the Mississippi River received more toxic materials than the Connoquenessing, making the small river the second most polluted waterway in the United States. At the time, the Armco Inc. steel facility in Butler ranked first nationally for the amount of pollutant discharges.[18] However, by 2010, due to reduced industry and clean up efforts, the creek's health has significantly recovered and has become popular for water-sport activities.[19]

Neighborhoods

[edit]

The city of Butler has six labeled neighborhoods:

  • Institute Hill
  • The Island
  • North Butler
  • South Hills
  • South Side
  • West End

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Butler, Pennsylvania (2mi SW) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1967–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 69
(21) 		75
(24) 		84
(29) 		90
(32) 		91
(33) 		97
(36) 		102
(39) 		100
(38) 		94
(34) 		88
(31) 		79
(26) 		74
(23) 		102
(39)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 34.3
(1.3) 		37.4
(3.0) 		46.4
(8.0) 		60.0
(15.6) 		70.0
(21.1) 		77.9
(25.5) 		81.7
(27.6) 		80.7
(27.1) 		74.3
(23.5) 		61.9
(16.6) 		49.7
(9.8) 		39.1
(3.9) 		59.4
(15.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 25.8
(−3.4) 		27.8
(−2.3) 		35.8
(2.1) 		47.3
(8.5) 		57.4
(14.1) 		66.1
(18.9) 		70.0
(21.1) 		68.8
(20.4) 		61.9
(16.6) 		50.4
(10.2) 		39.7
(4.3) 		31.2
(−0.4) 		48.5
(9.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 17.3
(−8.2) 		18.3
(−7.6) 		25.2
(−3.8) 		34.6
(1.4) 		44.8
(7.1) 		54.3
(12.4) 		58.2
(14.6) 		56.8
(13.8) 		49.6
(9.8) 		38.9
(3.8) 		29.7
(−1.3) 		23.2
(−4.9) 		37.6
(3.1)
Record low °F (°C) −20
(−29) 		−19
(−28) 		−10
(−23) 		9
(−13) 		22
(−6) 		31
(−1) 		34
(1) 		32
(0) 		28
(−2) 		17
(−8) 		0
(−18) 		−14
(−26) 		−20
(−29)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.36
(85) 		2.66
(68) 		3.28
(83) 		3.50
(89) 		3.80
(97) 		4.33
(110) 		4.16
(106) 		4.02
(102) 		4.09
(104) 		3.30
(84) 		3.34
(85) 		3.37
(86) 		43.21
(1,098)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 11.3
(29) 		9.7
(25) 		5.3
(13) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		1.1
(2.8) 		6.8
(17) 		34.9
(89)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 18.1 14.8 13.6 14.6 15.1 13.1 12.3 11.3 10.9 13.3 14.1 16.4 167.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 10.7 7.9 5.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 6.5 33.0
Source: NOAA[20][21]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1820225—
1830580157.8%
184086148.4%
18501,14833.3%
18601,39921.9%
18701,93538.3%
18803,16363.5%
18908,734176.1%
190010,85324.3%
191020,72891.0%
192023,77814.7%
193023,568−0.9%
194024,4773.9%
195023,482−4.1%
196020,975−10.7%
197018,691−10.9%
198017,026−8.9%
199015,714−7.7%
200015,121−3.8%
201013,757−9.0%
202013,502−1.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[3]

As of the 2000 census,[22] there were 15,121 people, 6,740 households, and 3,626 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,611.3 inhabitants per square mile (2,166.5/km2). There were 7,402 housing units at an average density of 2,746.8 per square mile (1,060.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.6% White, 2.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.88% of the population.

There were 6,740 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.0% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.2% were non-families. 40.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,154, and the median income for a family was $35,893. Males had a median income of $30,607 versus $20,950 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,457. About 14.7% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

[edit]

Major employers:

Arts and culture

[edit]

The Butler Little Theatre has been running productions continuously since 1941. The Musical Theater Guild produces an annual musical production. In 2012, Hobnob Theatre Company began producing several plays, including an annual production of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol and Shakespeare in the Park productions at Preston Park and other Butler county parks.[23]

The Maridon Museum is the only museum in the Western Pennsylvania region with a specific focus on Chinese and Japanese art and culture.

The Little Red School House is a former one-room schoolhouse that taught students from 1839 to 1874. Throughout its history, it has been a post office, library and Red Cross headquarters. It became a museum in 1966 and is run by the Butler County Historical Society.[24]

Butler is home to the Butler County Symphony Association, which performs at the Butler Intermediate High School auditorium.

The city features artist groups including the Associated Artists of Butler County and the Butler Arts Council, which host galleries and live events at the Art Center, located on Main Street.

Stewart O'Nan's prizewinning 1994 novel Snow Angels is set in Butler, with the protagonist being a local high school student. However, the 2007 film adaption, shot in Canada, removes all references to Butler.

Stephen King's 2002 novel From A Buick 8 takes place in the area.

The city was the setting for several scenes in the 2015 novel trilogy Benjamin's Field by local author J. J. Knights.[25]

Events

[edit]

The Butler Road Race, a 5-mile and 2-mile race held each summer in June, raises scholarship funding for local students.

The Butler Italian Festival is an annual street fair that features ethnic foods, live music and events.

The Bantam Jeep Heritage Festival, the Largest Jeep Festival in the US, is held annually in June with off-road trails, a Jeep Playground obstacle course, and the "original" Jeep Invasion street party.

Historical sites

[edit]
Butler County Courthouse
Senator Walter Lowrie House

The following structures are listed in the National Register of Historic Places

  • The Butler Armory is a National Guard armory located on Washington Street. Built in 1922, it was designed by architect Joseph F. Kuntz with W.G. Wilkins, Co. and expanded in 1930.
  • The Butler County Courthouse is a government and judicial building located in the heart of the city. The plaza across the street, Diamond Park, displays various war memorials.
  • The Butler County National Bank, also known as the Lafayette Building and Butler Branch Mellon Bank, it is considered the first "skyscraper" in Butler. It was built in 1902–1903, and is a six-story, five bay by five bay, brick and stone building in the French Renaissance Revival style. A two-story addition was built in 1929. The building housed Butler's post office from 1903 to 1913. The building was rehabilitated into an apartment building in 1992–1993.
  • The Butler Historic District is a national historic district which includes 128 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 4 contributing objects in the central business district of Butler. It includes primarily commercial and institutional buildings, with some residential buildings, built between about 1828 and 1952 in a number of popular architectural styles including Late Victorian. Located in the district and listed separately are the Butler County Courthouse, the Butler County National Bank, and the Sen. Walter Lowrie House.
  • The Senator Walter Lowrie House was the home of United States Senator Walter Lowrie, built in 1828, and is the headquarters of the Butler County Historical Society.
  • Elm Court, often referred to as Phillips Mansion, is a historic Tudor-Gothic mansion designed by architect Benno Janssen and built in 1929–1930 for Benjamin D. Phillips, son of T. W. Phillips, founder of T.W. Phillips Gas & Oil Co. Tucked away and hidden from view, it resides in the northeast corner of the city [26] and is privately owned by one of the Koch Brothers.[27]

Sports

[edit]

Parks and recreation

[edit]
  • Doughboy Park, primarily a memorial dedicated to those who died in World War I.
  • Butler Memorial Park, once featured a community pool, but it has remained closed since the late 2000s.
  • Father Marinaro Park, features a skateboard park.
  • Ritts Park, a small park in the northernmost portion of the city with various courts.
  • Rotary Park, a curved park near the Pullman baseball park.

Education

[edit]
  • Butler Area School District
    • Broad Street Elementary School is in the Butler City limits. It closed in 2015.[28] In 2017 Summit Township Elementary School used the Broad Street facility on a temporary basis. However, in 2021 the board of trustees voted to begin using Broad Street as a school again.[29]
    • Emily Brittain Elementary School is in the Butler City limits
    • Center Avenue School in Butler City is a K–12 alternative school for students who are differently abled; it was a traditional elementary school prior to 2015.[30]
    • Butler Intermediate High School and Butler Area High School are in adjacent Butler Township[31]

Other facilities:

Additionally, the school district once operated Butler Area Junior High School,[32] later Butler Middle School, which closed in 2022,[33] in Butler City.[34]

Media

[edit]
  • The Butler Eagle, daily newspaper
  • WBUT, country music AM radio
  • WISR, news, talk, and sports AM radio
  • WLER, rock music FM radio
  • Butler Radio Network, news website[35]
  • Armstrong Neighborhood Channel, a community TV and internet channel[36]
  • Golden Tornado Television, channel 204, the school district's channel that features school news, sports, events and student projects

Transportation

[edit]

Airports

[edit]
Butler County Airport terminal building

There are two airports located outside the city. Butler County Airport, in Penn Township,[37] is used for general aviation and may accommodate large aircraft such as corporate jets.[citation needed] Butler Farm Show Airport, in Connoquenessing Township,[38] is used by pilots with smaller, private aircraft.[citation needed]

Mass transit

[edit]

Butler is served by the Butler Transit Authority, which operates local bus routes and a commuter service to Pittsburgh.

Railroads

[edit]

Two railroads offer freight service in Butler. The Canadian National Railway-owned Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad main line passes through the city, while the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad provides regional service in the area. The B&P has a large locomotive shop just outside the city limits.

Roads

[edit]

Five major highways run through or near the city, providing links to other areas throughout Western Pennsylvania. The south terminus of Pennsylvania Route 38 is just north of the city at U.S. Route 422. Route 422 skirts the city, to the north, on the Butler Bypass. PA 68 and PA 356 go straight through downtown, where they intersect with PA 8 (Butler's Main Street).

Politics

[edit]

In 2024, The New York Times characterized the Butler area as being politically conservative.[39] That year, Mayor Bob Dandoy, a Democrat, stated that the city limits has a higher concentration of non-Republicans compared to the surrounding county. According to Dandoy, "President Trump enjoys a lot of support here."[17]

Despite this support, in 2024, an attempted assassination of former president Donald Trump occurred at a rally near the town. He was hit and injured in the ear. The assassin, perched just outside the security perimeter, was shot and killed by a Secret Service sniper.[40] Even though the event took place outside of city limits in Butler Township, the City of Butler issued a statement expressing sympathy for the death of Corey Comperatore, a firefighter caught in the line of fire, and for the attempt on Trump's life.[41]

Notable people

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Major League Baseball:

National Football League:

Sports, other:

Film, stage and television

[edit]

Music

[edit]

Public office and military

[edit]

Technology

[edit]

Other

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Butler County, 5th class" (PDF). Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
  2. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  4. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c An Historical Gazetteer of Butler County, Pennsylvania, p. 118.
  6. ^ a b "Butler Area Public Library". Butler County Federated Library System. 2015. Archived from the original on May 29, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  7. ^ "The Little Red Schoolhouse". Butler County Historical Society. 2019. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  8. ^ Pennsylvania economy league Butler. (1941). The Pennsylvania economy league surveys the Butler public library. Butler, PA.
  9. ^ a b Viser, Matt (September 1, 2016). "In Pa., Boomers see the American dream slipping away". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on September 7, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
  10. ^ Garrett, Kelly B. (February 4, 2011). "Pullman railcar honors past". Butler Eagle.
  11. ^ "Dealer Profile". Butler County Ford. Archived from the original on August 28, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  12. ^ "Rainbow Rubber Co 1935 Oldsmobile Coupe". WorthPoint. July 7, 2011. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014. This Oldsmobile Coupe was made by Rainbow Rubber Co. circa 1935. At 3 3/4 inches long by 1 3/8 inches wide, it is made of rubber... Underneath it is marked 'Rubrtoy Oldsmobile Mfg'd by Rainbow Rubber Co. Butler, PA.'
  13. ^ Butler, Margaret West. (1972). A test of individual recognition in bluegill sunfish using operant procedures / by Margaret West Butler. [s.n.]
  14. ^ Trizzino, Eddie. "Trump to campaign at Butler Farm Show". www.butlereagle.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
  15. ^ Bayer, Lili; Tian, Yang; Stein, Chris; Lawther, Fran; Tian, Lili Bayer (now); Yang; earlier, Fran Lawther (July 14, 2024). "Trump rally shooting live: FBI names 'subject involved' in assassination attempt". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved July 14, 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Mokay, Erica (July 13, 2024). "Trump taken to Butler Memorial Hospital after shooting at rally". CBS News Pittsburgh. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
  17. ^ a b Foltz, Sebastian (July 14, 2024). "Fallout of Trump assassination attempt has been 'overwhelming,' Butler mayor says". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
  18. ^ Hopey, Don (February 18, 2000). "Pa. ranks 2nd worst in toxic dumping" Archived December 11, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  19. ^ Butler, Kiera (April 2, 2012). "America's Top 10 Most-Polluted Waterways" Archived January 25, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Mother Jones (magazine) Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  20. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on July 5, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
  21. ^ "Station: Butler 2 SW, PA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
  22. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  23. ^ "Hobnob Theatre's 'The Tempest' brings Shakespeare to the Parks". Archived from the original on July 6, 2024. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  24. ^ The Butler County Historical Society. "The Little Red Schoolhouse" Archived August 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  25. ^ "Local novelists release new works with local settings".
  26. ^ "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania". CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Archived from the original (Searchable database) on July 21, 2007. Retrieved January 24, 2020. Note: This includes Smith, Eliza P. (March 1979). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Elm Court" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  27. ^ Clarke, Katherine. (January 23, 2020). "The Koch Brothers Are Sitting on a Real Estate Empire Worth Hundreds of Millions" Archived January 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  28. ^ "Residents Upset With Butler District's Decision To Close Schools". CBS News. KDKA-TV. May 7, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
  29. ^ Friel, Tyler (March 9, 2021). "Butler Area School District Approves Motion To Reopen Broad Street Elementary". Butler Radio WISR. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  30. ^ "Butler school board approves consolidation plan; 4 elementary schools closing". WPXI. May 6, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  31. ^ "Zoning District Map" (PDF). Butler Township. Retrieved July 15, 2024. Butler Area High School[...]Intermediate school (see areas: "C, 5" and "D, 5")
  32. ^ "Butler Area Schools". Butler Area School District. Archived from the original on April 13, 1997. Retrieved July 15, 2024. Broad Street Elementary 200 Broad Street Butler, PA 16001[...]Center Avenue Elementary Center & Lincoln Avenues Butler, PA 16001[...]Butler Area Junior High East North Street Butler, PA 16001 - The addresses of those two schools coincide with the City of Butler Map. Other schools with Butler addresses are outside of the city limits.
  33. ^ Trizzino, Eddie (January 9, 2024). "Former Butler Middle School's fate uncertain". Butler Eagle. Butler, Pennsylvania. Retrieved July 15, 2024. Butler Middle School closed at the end of the 2021-22 school year,[...]
  34. ^ "Home". Butler Middle School. Archived from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2024. 225 East North Street, Butler, PA 16001
  35. ^ "Home". butlerradio.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  36. ^ "Armstrong Neighborhood Channel – Armstrong". Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  37. ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Penn township, PA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 18, 2024. Butler County/k W Scholter Fld
  38. ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Connoquenessing township, PA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 18, 2024. Butler Farm Show Arprt
  39. ^ Smialek, Jeanna; Gebeloff, Robert (July 13, 2024). "Butler Is a Republican Stronghold". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
  40. ^ Chapman, Casey Tolan, Danny Freeman, Majlie de Puy Kamp, Curt Devine, Isabelle (July 14, 2024). "What we know about the Trump rally gunman so far". CNN. Retrieved July 30, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  41. ^ "City of Butler | Welcome to Butler, Pennsylvania". Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  42. ^ USGHOF. "U.S. Gymnastics Hall of Fame – Inductees by Year" Archived July 21, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 25, 2020.

Further reading

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  • Brown, Robert C. History of Butler County, Pennsylvania:...Pioneers and Representative Citizens, Etc., Etc. [Chicago]: R.C. Brown & Co., 1895. Chapter VI.Print.
  • An Historical Gazetteer of Butler County, Pennsylvania, Chicora: Mechling Bookbindery, 2006, ISBN 978-0-9760563-9-3.
[edit]
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Butler (Pennsylvania)".
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