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List of heads of state of Panama

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President of the Republic of Panama
Presidente de la República de Panamá
Presidential standard
Coat of arms of Panama
since 1 July 2024
ResidencePalacio de las Garzas, Panama City
Term lengthFive years, renewable once non-consecutively
PrecursorLaurentino Cortizo
Inaugural holderManuel Amador Guerrero
Formation20 February 1904
DeputyVice President of Panama
Salary7,000 USD per month[1]
WebsitePresidencia de la República

This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903. Since 1904 the head of state of Panama has been the President of Panama.

List of officeholders

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Political parties
Status
  Denotes acting or provisional president

Symbols

Died in office

Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841)

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No. Portrait President
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Title
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Tomás de Herrera
(1804–1854)
20 March 1841 8 June 1841 80 days Superior Chief of State
(1) 8 June 1841 31 December 1841 206 days President

Republic of Panama (1903–present)

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President of the Municipal Council of Panama and de facto President (1903)
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
3 Demetrio H. Brid
(1859–1917)
3 November 1903 4 November 1903 1 day PC
Members of the Provisional Government Junta (1903–1904)
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
4 José Agustín Arango
(1841–1909)
4 November 1903 20 February 1904 108 days PLN
5 Tomás Arias
(1856–1932)
Independent
6 Federico Boyd
(1851–1924)
PLN
7 Manuel Espinosa Batista
(1857–1919)
9 November 1903 7 December 1903 28 days PLN
Presidents of Panama (1904–present)
No. Portrait President
(Birth–Death)
Elected Term of office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Manuel Amador Guerrero
(1833–1909)
First tenure
1904 20 February 1904 23 June 1907[2] 3 years, 123 days PC
2 José Domingo de Obaldía
(1845–1910)
First tenure
24 June 1907[2] 27 December 1907[2] 186 days PLN
(1) Manuel Amador Guerrero
(1833–1909)
Second tenure
29 December 1907[2] 1 October 1908 277 days PC
(2) José Domingo de Obaldía
(1845–1910)
Second tenure
1908 1 October 1908 1 March 1910[†] 1 year, 151 days PLN
Carlos Antonio Mendoza
(1856–1916)
Acting President
1 March 1910 1 October 1910 214 days PLN
Federico Boyd
(1851–1924)
Acting President
1 October 1910 5 October 1910 4 days PLN
Pablo Arosemena
(1836–1920)
Acting President
5 October 1910 1 October 1912 1 year, 362 days PLN
3 Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
First tenure
1912 1 October 1912 1 October 1916 4 years PLN
4 Ramón Maximiliano Valdés
(1867–1918)
1916 1 October 1916 3 June 1918[†] 1 year, 245 days PLN
Ciro Luis Urriola
(1863–1922)
Acting President
3 June 1918 1 October 1918 120 days PLN
Pedro Antonio Díaz
(1852–1919)
Acting President
1 October 1918 12 October 1918 11 days PC
(3) Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
Second tenure
1918 12 October 1918 30 January 1920 1 year, 110 days PLN
Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre
(1876–1922)
Acting President
30 January 1920 1 October 1920 245 days PLN
(3) Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
Third tenure
1920 1 October 1920 1 October 1924 4 years PLN
5 Rodolfo Chiari
(1869–1937)
1924 1 October 1924 1 October 1928 4 years PLN
6 Florencio Harmodio Arosemena
(1872–1945)
1928 1 October 1928 3 January 1931
(Deposed in a coup)
2 years, 94 days PLN
Harmodio Arias Madrid
(1886–1963)
Acting President
3 January 1931 16 January 1931 13 days Independent
7 Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované
(1882–1971)
16 January 1931 5 June 1932 1 year, 141 days PLN
8 Harmodio Arias Madrid
(1886–1963)
1932 5 June 1932 1 October 1936 4 years, 118 days PNR
9 Juan Demóstenes Arosemena
(1879–1939)
1936 1 October 1936 16 December 1939[†] 3 years, 76 days PLN
Ezequiel Fernández
(1886–1946)
Acting President
16 December 1939 18 December 1939 2 days PNR
Augusto Samuel Boyd
(1879–1957)
Acting President
18 December 1939 1 October 1940 288 days PNR
10 Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
First tenure
1940 1 October 1940 9 October 1941
(Deposed in a coup)
1 year, 8 days PNR
11 Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango
(1899–1969)
9 October 1941 15 June 1945 3 years, 249 days Independent
Enrique Adolfo Jiménez
(1888–1970)
Provisional president
1945 15 June 1945 7 August 1948 3 years, 53 days PLN
12 Domingo Díaz Arosemena
(1875–1949)
1948 7 August 1948 28 July 1949
(Resigned)
355 days PLN
13 Daniel Chanis Pinzón
(1892–1961)
28 July 1949 20 November 1949 115 days PLN
14 Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
First tenure
20 November 1949 24 November 1949 4 days PLN
(10) Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
Second tenure
24 November 1949 9 May 1951 1 year, 166 days PP
15 Alcibíades Arosemena
(1883–1958)
9 May 1951 1 October 1952 1 year, 145 days PPA
16 José Antonio Remón Cantera
(1908–1955)
1952 1 October 1952 2 January 1955
(Assassinated)
2 years, 93 days CPN
17 José Ramón Guizado
(1899–1964)
2 January 1955 29 March 1955 86 days CPN
18 Ricardo Arias
(1912–1993)
29 March 1955 1 October 1956 1 year, 186 days CPN
19 Ernesto de la Guardia
(1904–1983)
1956 1 October 1956 1 October 1960 4 years CPN
(14) Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
Second tenure
1960 1 October 1960 17 March 1963 2 years, 167 days PLN
Bernardino González Ruiz
(1911–2012)
Acting President
17 March 1963 23 March 1963 6 days PAD
(14) Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
Third tenure
23 March 1963 1 October 1964 1 year, 192 days PLN
20 Marco Aurelio Robles
(1908–1990)
1964 1 October 1964 1 October 1968 4 years PLN
(10) Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
Third tenure
1968 1 October 1968 11 October 1968
(Deposed in a coup)
10 days PP
José María Pinilla Fábrega
(1919–1979)
Chairman of the Provisional Junta
Ruled jointly with Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla
12 October 1968 18 December 1969 1 year, 67 days National Guard
21 Colonel
Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla
(1918–2005)
Ruled jointly with José María Pinilla Fábrega
12 October 1968 18 December 1969 1 year, 67 days National Guard
Demetrio B. Lakas
(1925–1999)
Chairman of the Provisional
Junta from 1969 to 1972
19 December 1969 11 October 1972 2 years, 297 days Independent
22 1972 11 October 1972 11 October 1978 6 years
23 Aristides Royo
(born 1940)
1978 11 October 1978 31 July 1982 3 years, 293 days Independent
(until March 1979)
PRD
24 Ricardo de la Espriella
(born 1934)
31 July 1982 13 February 1984 1 year, 197 days PRD
25 Jorge Illueca
(1918–2012)
13 February 1984 11 October 1984 241 days Independent
26 Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino
(born 1938)
1984 11 October 1984 28 September 1985 352 days PRD
Eric Arturo Delvalle
(1937–2015)
Acting President
28 September 1985 26 February 1988 2 years, 151 days PR
Manuel Solís Palma
(1917–2009)
Acting President
26 February 1988 1 September 1989 1 year, 187 days PRD
Francisco Rodríguez
(born 1938)
Provisional president
1 September 1989 20 December 1989
(Deposed in the US invasion)
110 days PRD
27 Guillermo Endara
(1936–2009)
1989 20 December 1989 1 September 1994 4 years, 255 days PP
28 Ernesto Pérez Balladares
(born 1946)
1994 1 September 1994 1 September 1999 5 years PRD
29 Mireya Moscoso
(born 1946)
1999 1 September 1999 1 September 2004 5 years PP
30 Martín Torrijos
(born 1963)
2004 1 September 2004 1 July 2009 4 years, 303 days PRD
31 Ricardo Martinelli
(born 1952)
2009 1 July 2009 1 July 2014 5 years CD
32 Juan Carlos Varela
(born 1963)
2014 1 July 2014 1 July 2019 5 years PP
33 Laurentino Cortizo
(born 1953)
2019 1 July 2019 1 July 2024 5 years PRD
34 José Raúl Mulino
(born 1959)
2024 1 July 2024 Incumbent 157 days RM

Military leaders of Panama (1968–1989)

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From 1968 to 1989 a military junta exerted actual control over the country and nominated the president, who himself held little power. The following individuals were leaders of the junta.

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Military affiliation Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Brigadier-General
Omar Torrijos
(1929–1981)
11 October 1968 31 July 1981[†] 12 years, 293 days National Guard Assumed power in the 1968 coup d'état.
Styled as Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution from 11 October 1968.
Killed in an air crash.
2 Colonel
Rubén Darío Paredes
(born 1933)
3 March 1982 12 August 1983 1 year, 162 days National Guard
3 General
Manuel Noriega
(1934–2017)
12 August 1983 20 December 1989 6 years, 130 days National Guard Styled as Maximum Leader of the National Liberation from 15 December 1989.
Deposed in the US invasion.
Panama Defense Forces
(from 29 September 1983.)

Timeline

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José Raúl MulinoLaurentino CortizoJuan Carlos VarelaRicardo MartinelliMartín TorrijosMireya MoscosoErnesto Pérez BalladaresGuillermo EndaraFrancisco RodríguezManuel Solís PalmaEric Arturo DelvalleNicolás Ardito Barletta VallarinoJorge IlluecaManuel NoriegaRicardo de la EspriellaRubén Darío ParedesAristides RoyoDemetrio B. LakasOmar TorrijosBolívar Urrutia ParrillaJosé María Pinilla FábregaMarco Aurelio RoblesBernardino González RuizErnesto de la GuardiaRicardo AriasJosé Ramón GuizadoJosé Antonio Remón CanteraAlcibíades ArosemenaRoberto Francisco Chiari RemónDaniel Chanis PinzónDomingo Díaz ArosemenaEnrique Adolfo JiménezRicardo Adolfo de la Guardia ArangoArnulfo AriasAugusto Samuel BoydEzequiel FernándezJuan Demóstenes ArosemenaRicardo Joaquín Alfaro JovanéHarmodio Arias MadridFlorencio Harmodio ArosemenaRodolfo ChiariErnesto Tisdel LefevrePedro Antonio DíazCiro Luis UrriolaRamón Maximiliano ValdésBelisario Porras BarahonaPablo ArosemenaCarlos Antonio MendozaJosé Domingo de ObaldíaManuel Amador GuerreroManuel Espinosa BatistaFederico BoydTomás AriasJosé Agustín ArangoDemetrio H. Brid

Latest election

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CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
José Raúl MulinoRealizing GoalsAllianceRealizing Goals668,52729.39
Alliance Party110,2454.85
Total778,77234.23
Ricardo LombanaAnother Way Movement559,43224.59
Martín TorrijosPeople's Party364,57616.03
Rómulo RouxFor a Better PanamaDemocratic Change138,2746.08
Panameñista Party120,5445.30
Total258,81811.38
Zulay RodríguezIndependent150,3386.61
José Gabriel CarrizoVamos con todo PanamaDemocratic Revolutionary Party126,4545.56
Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement7,3370.32
Total133,7915.88
Maribel GordónIndependent24,5311.08
Melitón ArrochaIndependentPAIS2,4420.11
Independent2,2180.10
Total4,6600.20
Total2,274,918100.00
Valid votes2,274,91897.53
Invalid votes38,5441.65
Blank votes19,1010.82
Total votes2,332,563100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,004,08377.65
Source: Tribunal Electoral[3][4]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage". Latin Post. 22 June 2017. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d ".:: SomosPanama.com ::". 2 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  3. ^ "General Election 2024, Election of the President". Tribunal Electoral (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 May 2024.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ "TE Presents Final Electoral Census" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.