Armando Calderón Sol

Armando Calderón Sol
Armando Calderón Sol
	Calderon Sol in 2009
76th President of El Salvador
	In office; 1 June 1994 – 1 June 1999
Vice President	Enrique Borgo Bustamante
Preceded by	Alfredo Cristiani
Succeeded by	Francisco Flores
Mayor of San Salvador
	In office; 1 May 1988 – 1 May 1994
Preceded by	José Antonio Morales Ehrlich
Succeeded by	Mario Valiente
Personal details
Born	24 June 1948; San Salvador, El Salvador
Died	9 October 2017 (aged 69); Houston, Texas, U.S.
Cause of death	Lung cancer
Political party	Nationalist Republican Alliance
Spouse	Elizabeth Aguirre de Calderón
Relatives	Milena Calderón Sol de Escalón (sister)
Profession	politician

Armando Calderón Sol (24 June 1948 – 9 October 2017) was President of El Salvador from 1 June 1994, to 1 June 1999, representing the Nationalist Republican Alliance. He was the first president elected in El Salvador after twelve years of civil war.^[1]

Early life and education

Born in San Salvador in 1948,^[2] Calderón attended the exclusive primary and secondary school Colegio Externado San José, graduating in 1966. In 1977, Calderón received a graduate degree in Jurisprudence and Social Sciences from Universidad Nacional de El Salvador. He was a lawyer, a businessman, and one of the founders of Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA), in September 1981.^{[citation needed]}

Political career

Mayor of San Salvador

As Mayor of San Salvador from 1988 to 1994 he built the Monument to "Hermano Lejano" at the end of the Comalapa Highway and Blvd. Los Proceres and also built the bust monuments along the Proceres Boulevard. He promoted physical exercise and initiated a cyclist's circuit in the San Jacinto neighbourhood on Avenida Cuba.^{[citation needed]}

President of El Salvador

When he ran for president in 1994 he won the presidential office during the runoff elections against the leftist candidate, Dr. Ruben Zamora from the CD-FMLN coalition.^{[citation needed]}

Calderón is acknowledged in the press for restoring the status-quo after the civil war, which ended on 16 January 1992. He advocated the privatization of state owned telephone companies and pension funds to stimulate the economy and modernize the country's infrastructure. He is also known for having promoted reforms to make El Salvador competitive in the maquila industry, removing trade barriers across the board, including removing protection for local agriculture. This had the unintended consequence of disrupting small scale farming, driving migration to larger cities (and abroad, especially the U.S.) and creating a cheaper labour supply for the maquilas.^{[citation needed]}

Calderón is also credited with the integration of former guerrillas combatants back into civilian life. He is also known for having initiated the privatization of the telecommunications company ANTEL and the electrical works company, CAESS (Compañía de Alumbrado Electrico de San Salvador), public hospitals and pension funds. He followed president Alfredo Cristiani's neoliberal approach, and his structural adjustment programs.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Calderón Sol died on 9 October 2017 of lung cancer^[3] at a Houston, Texas, hospital at the age of 68.^[4]^[5]

References

^ Sam Roberts (13 October 2017). "Leader of El Salvador after its civil war". Globe and Mail. New York Times News Service. p. S9.
^ Clements, John (5 October 1998). "Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments". Political Research, Incorporated – via Google Books.
^ "Políticos reaccionan en redes sociales ante muerte de Armando Calderón Sol". AP. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
^ "Noticias de Costa Rica". La Nación, Grupo Nación.
^ "Fallece expresidente Armando Calderón Sol". www.laprensagrafica.com.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Alfredo Cristiani	President of El Salvador 1994 – 1999	Succeeded by Francisco Flores

[1] Sam Roberts (13 October 2017). "Leader of El Salvador after its civil war". Globe and Mail. New York Times News Service. p. S9.

[2] Clements, John (5 October 1998). "Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments". Political Research, Incorporated – via Google Books.

[3] "Políticos reaccionan en redes sociales ante muerte de Armando Calderón Sol". AP. Retrieved 9 October 2017.

[4] "Noticias de Costa Rica". La Nación, Grupo Nación.

[5] "Fallece expresidente Armando Calderón Sol". www.laprensagrafica.com.

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v t e Heads of state of El Salvador
Post-independence (1821–1823)	Barriere Delgado Filísola Codallos Consultive Junta^‡ Prado^†
Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)	J. Rodríguez Prado J. V. Villacorta Prado Cornejo J. D. Villacorta Cornejo Morazán^† J. San Martín Prado J. San Martín C. Salazar^† G. Salazar^† Escolán^† Silva Espinoza F. Gómez Vigil T. Menéndez Vigil T. Menéndez Cañas^† Morazán Silva^† Cañas^† Ramírez^† Lindo^†
Republic of El Salvador (1841–1931)	Lindo^† Arce^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán D. Villacorta^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán C. Molina^† Arce^† C. Molina^† Arce^† Palacios^† Malespín Palacios^† J. E. Guzmán Palacios^† Aguilar Palacios^† Aguilar Medina^† Quirós^† Vasconcelos R. Rodríguez^† Vasconcelos Dueñas^† Quirós^† Dueñas J. M. San Martín^† Dueñas V. Gómez^† J. M. San Martín Dueñas^† Campo Dueñas^† Campo Zepeda^† Santín Barrios^† Santín J. E. Guzmán^† Peralta^† Barrios Dueñas González Méndez^† González del Valle Zaldívar Guirola^† Zaldívar Figueroa^† Rosales^† F. Menéndez C. Ezeta A. Ezeta^† Gutiérrez Regalado Escalón Figueroa M. Araujo C. Meléndez^† Quiñónez^† C. Meléndez Quiñónez^† J. Meléndez Quiñónez P. Romero A. Araujo
Military presidents (1931–1979)	Civic Directory^‡ Hernández Martínez^† A. Menéndez^† Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez^† Aguirre^† Castaneda Revolutionary Council of Government^‡ Osorio Lemus Junta of Government^‡ Civic-Military Directory^‡ Cordón^† Rivera F. Sánchez A. Molina C. Romero
Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)	Revolutionary Government Junta^‡ Magaña Duarte Cristiani
Post-Civil War (since 1992)	Cristiani Calderón Flores Saca Funes S. Sánchez Bukele C. Rodríguez^†
^† – Acting or provisional president ^‡ – Military junta

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