1977 Irish general election
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148 seats in Dáil Éireann[a] 75 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 76.3%  0.3pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Percentage of seats gained by each of the three major parties, and number of seats gained by smaller parties and independents. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1977 Irish general election to the 21st Dáil was held on Thursday, 16 June, following the dissolution of the 20th Dáil on 25 May by President Patrick Hillery on the request of Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave. The general election took place in 42 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 148 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, an increase of four seats. There was a significant revision of constituencies under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974. Jack Lynch led Fianna Fáil to a landslide election win, clearly defeating the outgoing Fine Gael–Labour government.
The 21st Dáil met at Leinster House on 5 July to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Jack Lynch was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 15th government of Ireland, a single-party majority Fianna Fáil government. It was the last election to result in a single-party majority government.
Campaign
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Although it had faced some controversial issues during its term of office, the ruling Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition had hoped to defy political history by winning an unprecedented second term. This belief was further augmented following the so-called "Tullymander" of parliamentary constituencies, referring to a scheme drawn up by James Tully, the Minister for Local Government, redrawing constituencies across the country to maximise the vote for the coalition partners. For example, in Dublin there were thirteen three-seat constituencies. It was hoped that the coalition partners would win two of the seats, leaving Fianna Fáil with only one seat. A similar tactic was used in rural areas where the party was at its strongest.
The government parties of Fine Gael and the Labour Party fought the general election on their record in government. The redrawing of the constituency boundaries gave them hope for success.
Both The Irish Times and The Irish Press, which was then edited by Tim Pat Coogan, were extremely critical of the FG–Labour government's curtailment of freedom of speech and in particular of Conor Cruise O'Brien, the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs, who used these restrictions against the Provisional IRA.
Fianna Fáil and its leader Jack Lynch believed that they were not likely to win the general election. The party drew up a manifesto which offered the electorate a string of financial and economic "sweeteners", encouraging them to vote for Fianna Fáil. Some of the promises that were offered included abolition of rates on houses, abolition of car tax and a promise to reduce unemployment to under 100,000. Lynch agreed to the manifesto because he believed that the party needed something dramatic if it were to win the election.
The Fianna Fáil campaign was based on the American model. Inspired by director of elections Séamus Brennan, Lynch travelled the length and breadth of the country, music blaring, accompanied by his followers. His popularity was at its highest; Lynch's popularity was a big electoral asset. The party slogan "Bring Back Jack" even played on Lynch's huge appeal. But the monetary sweeteners were Fianna Fáil's biggest asset. And it soon became clear the party might win the election.
While towards the end of the campaign Fianna Fáil were expected to win the general election, nobody predicted the scale of that victory. An unprecedented nine-seat majority in Dáil Éireann for Fianna Fáil saw the National Coalition swept from power in what was at the time the biggest political hurricane in Irish history. Only Éamon de Valera had ever done better, but only once out of 13 elections. Following the election, the leaders of Fine Gael and the Labour Party, Liam Cosgrave and Brendan Corish resigned as leaders of their respective parties, the first occasion in which a defeated Taoiseach or Tánaiste had done so.
The increased popularity of FF produced by its leader's popularity and by the unprecedented sweeteners, were the cause for the scale of the coalition's defeat. Unhappy with the "Tullymander", the new government established an independent commission to revise constituency boundaries, adding members overall and replacing many 3-seat districts with 4- or 5-seat districts.
Result
[edit]| Election to the 21st Dáil – 16 June 1977[4][5][6][7] | ||||||||
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| Party | Leader | Seats | ± | % of seats |
First pref. votes |
% FPv | ±% | |
| Fianna Fáil | Jack Lynch | 84 | +15 | 56.8 | 811,615 | 50.6 | +4.4 | |
| Fine Gael | Liam Cosgrave | 43 | –11 | 29.0 | 488,767 | 30.5 | –4.6 | |
| Labour | Brendan Corish | 17[a] | –2 | 11.5 | 186,410 | 11.6 | –2.1 | |
| Sinn Féin The Workers' Party | Tomás Mac Giolla | 0 | – | 0 | 27,209 | 1.7 | +0.6 | |
| Irish Republican Socialist | Seamus Costello | 0 | New | 0 | 955 | 0.1 | – | |
| Communist | Michael O'Riordan | 0 | – | 0 | 544 | 0.0 | – | |
| Independent | N/A | 4 | +2 | 2.7 | 87,527 | 5.5 | +2.6 | |
| Spoilt votes | 13,743 | — | — | |||||
| Total | 148 | +4 | 100 | 1,616,770 | 100 | — | ||
| Electorate/Turnout | 2,118,606 | 76.3% | — | |||||
Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (13,824 votes, 1 seat) and the Community group in Dublin (9,427 votes).
Voting summary
[edit]Seats summary
[edit]Government formation
[edit]Fianna Fáil formed a majority government, the 15th government of Ireland led by Jack Lynch as Taoiseach. In December 1979, Charles Haughey succeeded Lynch as Taoiseach, forming the 16th government of Ireland.
Membership changes
[edit]First time TDs
[edit]42 TDs were elected for the first time:
- Bertie Ahern
- Kit Ahern
- Niall Andrews
- Liam Aylward
- John Boland
- Gerard Brady
- Vincent Brady
- Barry Cogan
- Hugh Conaghan
- Michael Joe Cosgrave
- Michael D'Arcy
- Síle de Valera
- Austin Deasy
- Seán Doherty
- Eddie Filgate
- Jim Fitzsimons
- Pádraig Flynn
- Joe Fox
- John Horgan
- Michael Keating
- Seán Keegan
- Patrick Kerrigan
- Timothy Killeen
- Mark Killilea Jnr
- Liam Lawlor
- Eileen Lemass
- Tom Leonard
- Terry Leyden
- Michael Lipper
- John Mannion Jnr
- Charlie McCreevy
- Jim Mitchell
- P. J. Morley
- William O'Brien
- Martin O'Donoghue
- Rory O'Hanlon
- Jim O'Keeffe
- Paddy O'Toole
- Ruairi Quinn
- Albert Reynolds
- Joe Walsh
- Michael Woods
Retiring TDs
[edit]Defeated TDs
[edit]- Liam Burke
- Ruairí Brugha
- Justin Keating
- Conor Cruise O'Brien
- Seán Flanagan
- Richard Gogan
- Brigid Hogan-O'Higgins
- Eugene Timmons
Seanad election
[edit]The Dáil election was followed by an election to the 14th Seanad.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Including Seán Treacy (Lab), returned automatically for Tipperary South as outgoing Ceann Comhairle, under Art. 16.6 of the Constitution and the Electoral Act 1963, as adapted by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974.[1][2][3]
References
[edit]- ^ Electoral Act 1963, s. 14: Re-election of outgoing Ceann Comhairle (No. 19 of 1963, s. 14). Enacted on 12 July 1963. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
- ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974, s. 5: Re-election of outgoing Ceann Comhairle (No. 7 of 1974, s. 5). Enacted on 7 May 1974. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
- ^ "21st Dáil 1977: Tipperary South". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^ "Election results and transfer of votes in general election (June, 1977) for twenty-first Dáil and bye-elections to twentieth Dáil (1973–1977)" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Dublin Stationery Office. February 1978. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- ^ "21st Dáil 1977 General Election". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 28 April 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
- ^ "Dáil elections since 1918". ARK Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
- ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. Nomos. pp. 1009–1017. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
Further reading
[edit]- Nealon, Ted; Dunlop, Frank (1977). Ted Nealon's guide to the 21st Dáil and Seanad. Platform Press. ISBN 0950598410.
